The Planck Mass

Quantum Sizes:

Remember that m=E/c²=eV/c² because an electronvolt (eV) is also a measure of Energy.

Photons and gluons have no mass which is why they can travel at the speed of light.

The least massive & illusive particle is a Neutrino denoted by a V which has a mass of 0.8 eV/c² and therefore can only travel at less than the speed of light.

Visible matter is made up of atoms. An electron denoted by e^- has a negative charge of -1 and a mass of 511'000 eV/c² = 0.511 MeV/c² (half a million times heavier than V).

The Up Quark u is a fundamental particle with a mass of 1.9 MeV/c² and a charge of +²/₃.

The Down Quark d is also a fundamental particle with a mass of 4.4 MeV/c² and a charge of -¹/₃.

A Proton p⁺ with a positive charge of +1 consists of 2u+1d (held together by an unknown number of massless gluon particles) and has a mass of 938.27 MeV/c² ≈ 1 GeV/c² (≈ 1.67×10⁻²⁷ kg).

A Neutron particle n⁰ with a neutral charge of 0 consists of 1u+2d (held together by an unknown number of massless gluon particles) and has a mass of 939.57 MeV/c² ≈ 1 GeV/c² (≈ 1.67×10⁻²⁷ kg).

By arithmetically adding up the masses of u & d, you will obtain only 1% of the actual masses of p⁺ & n⁰.

The 99% missing mass of these elementary particles is a result of the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) Binding Energy from the gluons. Although they have no mass, gluons possess energy which is the strong force holding the 3 quarks together.

The Planck Particle:

The Planck mass is the mass of a hypothetical particle called the Planck particle which is a tiny black hole with a radius of 1 Planck length.

The Planck mass = 1.22×10¹⁹ GeV/c².

By contrast, a person weighing say 90 kg has a mass of 5×10²⁸ GeV/c² ≈ 50 billion trillion trillion protons.

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Source = youtube

Refer also to posts in this blog about the quantum particles or their energy levels.